Evelyn Ruppert (Open University)
Social traceability: Being in Data
 
In the commercial and government sectors transactional databases contain massive quantities of digital information on individual conduct (purchases made, services used, finances transferred, benefits received, licenses acquired, borders crossed, tickets purchased). The data can be understood as on-going and dynamic measurements of the activities, movements, and transactions of individuals. I examine how patterns in this digital data model the social as a set of associations not between humans but between data that registers the conduct, movement and activities of individuals. The object of interest is not the substantive elements of culture or social structural differentiations (e.g., class, gender) but the links, relations and transformations within databases, which we can think of as multiple registers of conduct that define both who we are and who we are yet to be. What are we to make of such models of the social? I follow the work of Gabriele Tarde to examine how these models enact the social as multiple qualities that emerge from the aggregation of individual elements (or digital data points). That is, I examine how the numbers and quantities generated by digital data constitute thick, local descriptions of the social. I develop and illustrate this through examples of UK government databases on children and Tesco club card databases on shoppers.